Analytical methods, made visual
Understand HPLC peaks and LC–MS results.
Work through chromatograms, mass spectra and validation records to see what each analytical method can tell you about a sample.
Explore peak resolution →SYNTHETIC SIGNAL · RETENTION TIME →
Move the peaks in the interactive explorer and see how resolution changes.
Follow the signal
Method notesHow to Read an HPLC Chromatogram: Retention, Area and Resolution
Read two synthetic HPLC traces, find retention times and integration bases, and compare overlapping peaks with a worked resolution example.
How to Read a Peptide LC–MS Result: m/z, Charge and Intact Mass
Check ion charge, adducts and mass error, then judge what the evidence supports about peptide identity.
What Analytical Method Validation Shows for an Intended Use
Assess a validation summary by its purpose, sample matrix, reportable range and demonstrated performance.
Open teaching materials
Synthetic chromatogram dataset: peak overlap and resolution
Download 1,503 simulated chromatogram points and reproduce three examples of how peak spacing and width affect resolution and integrated signal.
Explore the examples and downloads →Explore peak resolution
Change separation and peak width in a synthetic chromatogram. Explore the assumptions behind the resolution calculation.